Abstract Ventures

Reviewed Updated Mar 30, 2026

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Location San Francisco, CA
Founded 2016
Fund Size $1.8B AUM; Fund I ($100M, 2018); Fund II ($270M, 2021); Fund III ($300M, 2023); Fund IV ($500M, 2025)
Website https://www.abstract.com/
Stage Focus
pre-seed seed series-a
Sector Focus
ai fintech enterprise developer-tools crypto-web3 biotech deep-tech

Team

Ramtin Naimi Founder & General Partner
Alex Davidov General Partner
David Kwon Partner
Andrei Kozyrev Partner

About

Abstract Ventures (formerly known as A-List Ventures on Crunchbase) is a seed-stage venture capital firm founded in 2016 by Ramtin Naimi in San Francisco 12. Naimi founded the firm at age 25 after an unconventional path: he started trading technology stocks at age 13, ran a hedge fund straight out of high school during the 2008 financial crisis, filed for personal bankruptcy at 24, and then bootstrapped his way into venture capital using AngelList syndications 34.

The firm manages approximately $1.8 billion in assets under management across multiple funds, including approximately $600 million in realized and unrealized gains 3. Abstract has raised capital at an accelerating pace: $100 million in 2018, $270 million in 2021, $300 million in 2023, and $500 million in 2025, with the latest fund oversubscribed before the firm started raising 35. In 2024, a consortium of investors including Marc Andreessen, Chris Dixon, David Sacks, Keith Rabois, Michael Ovitz, Kevin Hartz, Bill Ackman, Stanley Druckenmiller, and Kevin Warsh purchased 20% of Abstract’s management company for $10 million in upfront cash; by the end of 2024, Naimi had bought back full ownership 3.

The investment team includes General Partner Alex Davidov (previously at Core Innovation Capital, Founder Collective, and Bridgewater Associates), Partner David Kwon (previously at Greycroft and Stripes), and Partner Andrei Kozyrev (previously Chief of Staff to former U.S. CTO Michael Kratsios at Scale AI) 1. The firm also employs Operating Partners Caroline Stevenson (Talent) and Anthony Heckman (GTM), and CFO Adam Wilczek 1.

Abstract has invested in over 500 companies, producing 5 unicorns, 2 IPOs, and 26 acquisitions as of November 2025 56. Notable portfolio outcomes include Wise (IPO on London Stock Exchange at $11B market cap in 2021), Rippling, and Solana 53.

Stated Thesis

Abstract publicly positions itself as “way pavers for founders” with the tagline “Finding Futures” 71. The firm describes itself as sector-agnostic, investing in “transformative founders building exceptional companies across all sectors” 8. On its website, Abstract emphasizes “fierce loyalty, unparalleled connections, and a relentless drive to help them win” as its value proposition to founders 7.

Naimi has stated that Abstract’s core competitive advantage is helping founders graduate from seed to Series A. On the Invest Like the Best podcast, he said: “We are the best firm in the world at getting founders from seed to Series A” 4. Abstract claims the highest graduation rate from seed to Series A among all dedicated seed funds 49.

The firm’s strategy centers on co-investing alongside major multi-stage firms like Sequoia, Benchmark, and Andreessen Horowitz rather than competing with them 4. Naimi has described this as a “relative ownership” model: if Andreessen Horowitz takes 15% of a deal and Abstract takes 5%, Abstract’s LPs get 5x more exposure to those companies relative to fund size 4.

Naimi takes upwards of 30 pitch meetings per week to build his “frame of reference” and has said: “The number one thing that I look to from founders is prove to me that you’re exceptional” 10. He conducts three to five meetings with founding teams, supplemented by back-channel research 10.

Inferred Thesis

Based on 39 verified investments from the portfolio table below (a sample representing approximately 7% of the firm’s 500+ claimed investments — too small for reliable sector percentages):

Stage distribution: The firm invests primarily at seed and Series A, consistent with its stated focus. Of the 39 verified investments, the majority are seed-stage, with some pre-seed and Series A rounds.

Sector patterns: The portfolio shows significant concentration in enterprise software and AI (companies like Hebbia, Cognition, LangChain, Replit, 11x, WorkOS), fintech (Wise, Petal, Alpaca, Cherry), and crypto/web3 (Solana, Compound Labs, Polymarket). Despite claiming to be sector-agnostic, Tracxn data reports 104 enterprise application investments and 48 high-tech investments out of 192 tracked companies, suggesting enterprise software is the dominant sector at approximately 54% 5.

Check size: Typical check sizes range from $100K to $1M, with a target of approximately $500K 911. This is consistent with a high-volume seed strategy.

Portfolio construction: Naimi has described his target as owning “8 to 10% of 60 companies at seed and maintain that 10% ownership in the best 10 of those companies through Series B” 10. This is a high-volume, power-law driven approach.

Co-investor patterns: Abstract frequently co-invests with top-tier multi-stage funds including Andreessen Horowitz, Sequoia Capital, Benchmark, and Craft Ventures 43. The firm also co-invests with Bain Capital Ventures, Floodgate, and Long Journey Ventures 1211.

Geographic focus: Portfolio is primarily U.S.-based with concentration in San Francisco and the Bay Area 511.

Notable gap: Despite claiming sector agnosticism, the firm appears to have very limited consumer internet exposure relative to its enterprise, AI, and fintech investments. The portfolio skews heavily B2B.

Portfolio

The following table represents a small subset of Abstract’s 500+ investments. The firm’s website lists companies across AI, biotech, consumer, crypto, enterprise, fintech, frontier tech, healthcare, and insurance sectors 6.

Company Stage Year Sector Status
Wise Seed ~2016 Fintech IPO (2021) 5
Rippling Seed ~2017 Enterprise Active (Unicorn) 3
Solana Seed ~2018 Crypto Active (Unicorn) 3
Compound Labs Seed ~2018 Crypto/DeFi Active 9
Petal Seed ~2018 Fintech Active 9
Hippo Insurance Seed ~2018 Insurance IPO 5
Material Security Seed ~2019 Cybersecurity Active 9
Brave Seed ~2019 Consumer/Web3 Active 12
WorkOS Seed ~2019 Enterprise/DevTools Active 68
Newfront Insurance Seed ~2020 Insurance Active 12
Trusted Health Seed ~2020 Healthcare Active 12
Bestow Seed ~2020 Insurance Active 12
Alloy Automation Seed 2021 Enterprise Active 12
AirGarage Seed ~2021 Enterprise Active 6
Alpaca Series A ~2021 Fintech Active 68
Snackpass Seed ~2021 Consumer Active 13
LangChain Seed 2023-04-04 AI Active 817
Replit Seed ~2023 AI/DevTools Active 8
Cognition Seed ~2023 AI Active 8
Hebbia Seed ~2023 AI Active 8
Cherry Seed ~2023 Fintech Active 8
xAI Early ~2023 AI Active 14
SpaceX Early ~2023 Frontier Tech Active 8
Polymarket Seed ~2023 Crypto Active 14
11x Series A 2024-09-16 AI/Enterprise Active (participated) 61819
Vapi Series A 2024-12-12 AI Active (participated) 8202122
Acryl Data Series A (participation unverified in announcement) 2023-06-22 Enterprise Active 6262728
Adaptive Security Series A ($43M, participated) 2025-04-02 Enterprise/Security Active 6232425
Arc Boats Seed (Feb 2021) and follow-ons through Series B 2021-02 (initial); follow-on 2021-11-23 (Series A); 2023-09-27 (Series B) Consumer/DeepTech (Electric boats) Active 6333435
Applied Compute Round and date unverified 2025+ AI Active 6303132
Airplane Seed ~2022 Enterprise Acquired by Airtable (2024) 6
Aether Biomachines Series A ($49M, participated) 2023-08-16 Biotech / AI-Designed Proteins Active 6454647
Neon Seed ~2022 DevTools Exited 6
Moov Seed ~2021 Fintech Active 9
Legora Round undisclosed ~2024 AI/Legal Tech Active 629
Natural Seed ($9.8M, co-led) 2025-10-23 Fintech / AI Agent Payments Active 424344
Telepatia Seed (participated, $9M) 2025-10-16 Healthcare/AI (LatAm) Active 363738
Coworker AI Seed ($13M, participated) 2025-05-21 AI / Enterprise Active 15394041
Era Seed (co-led, $9M) 2026-04-23 AI / Consumer Hardware Active 16
NewLimit Series C ($435M, returning investor) 2026-06-02 Biotech / Longevity Active 484950

Note: Many investment years are approximate, marked with “~”, based on company founding years or first known funding rounds. This table represents approximately 7% of Abstract’s 500+ total investments. Tracxn reports 192 companies tracked with 83 seed-stage investments averaging $5.52M round sizes 5.

In Their Own Words

“We are the best firm in the world at getting founders from seed to Series A.” — Ramtin Naimi, Invest Like the Best podcast, July 2025 4

“I want to own 8 to 10% of 60 companies at seed and maintain that 10% ownership in the best 10 of those companies through Series B.” — Ramtin Naimi, Invest Like the Best podcast, July 2025 10

“Seed Stage investing, at least for us, is very momentum driven. I want to build a portfolio of 60 high momentum companies, hope that three to five of them escape Velocity and become amazing companies.” — Ramtin Naimi, Invest Like the Best podcast, July 2025 10

“The number one thing that I look to from founders is prove to me that you’re exceptional.” — Ramtin Naimi, Invest Like the Best podcast, July 2025 10

“If you eliminate Uber and Roblox from the equation, it’s close to impossible to identify power-law companies in seed rounds led by dedicated seed funds.” — Ramtin Naimi, Invest Like the Best podcast, July 2025 10

“Venture is the only asset class where historical results are somewhat indicative of future performance.” — Ramtin Naimi, Invest Like the Best podcast, July 2025 10

What Founders Say

George Sivulka, founder and CEO of Hebbia (Abstract portfolio company), has said of Naimi: “This is the single most important person you’ll meet, whether you succeed or fail. Ramtin is the key to the kingdom you want” 3.

David Sacks, co-founder of Craft Ventures, has stated: “Ramtin is uniquely effective at helping founders with their subsequent rounds. Abstract is one of our first calls when we see deals that are too early for us. He has built an elite early-stage firm” 3.

Chris Lyons, General Partner at Andreessen Horowitz, has said: “Ramtin’s got a knack for being around all the most important deals. Whenever he says something is important, we take it incredibly seriously” 3.

Note: The Sacks and Lyons quotes are from co-investors rather than portfolio founders. The Sivulka quote is from a portfolio founder. All three quotes come from the Colossus profile article about Naimi, which may present a curated selection of endorsements.

Sources

  1. Abstract Ventures, “People,” accessed March 2026. https://www.abstract.com/people/↩↩↩↩

  2. TechCrunch, “At Ramtin Naimi’s Abstract Ventures, investing and philanthropy go hand in hand,” April 5, 2017. https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/05/at-ramtin-naimis-abstract-ventures-early-stage-investing-and-philanthropy-go-hand-in-hand/↩

  3. Colossus, “The Man With the Hot Hand,” Dom Cooke, July 21, 2025. https://colossus.com/article/ramtin-naimi-man-hot-hand/↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  4. Apple Podcasts, “Ramtin Naimi - Building Abstract,” Invest Like the Best with Patrick O’Shaughnessy, EP.435, July 29, 2025. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ramtin-naimi-building-abstract/id1154105909?i=1000719610113↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  5. Tracxn, “Abstract Ventures - 2026 Investor Profile, Portfolio, Team & Investment Trends,” accessed March 2026. https://tracxn.com/d/venture-capital/abstractventures/__0gzGZBImcnpnsq3LYjR8eBjXsTLZ0xP6ntXk3hcdrow↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  6. Abstract Ventures, “Companies,” accessed March 2026. https://www.abstract.com/companies-list/↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  7. Abstract Ventures, “About Us,” accessed March 2026. https://www.abstract.com/↩↩

  8. F4 Fund, “Abstract Ventures — Investment Thesis & Preferences,” accessed March 2026. https://f4.fund/firms/abstract-ventures↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  9. VCSheet, “Abstract Ventures - VC Fund Breakdown,” accessed March 2026. https://www.vcsheet.com/fund/abstract-ventures↩↩↩↩↩↩

  10. pod.wave.co, “Ramtin Naimi - Building Abstract - Invest Like the Best, EP.435,” transcript accessed March 2026. https://pod.wave.co/podcast/invest-like-the-best-with-patrick-oshaughnessy-48a998b1-8bc3-4e91-9c00-6d2f4d646fdd/ramtin-naimi-building-abstract-invest-like-the-best-ep435-837cc9a↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  11. NFX Signal, “Abstract Ventures - Venture Capital Firm,” accessed March 2026. https://signal.nfx.com/firms/abstract-ventures↩↩↩

  12. PRWeb, “Alloy Automation Emerges From Stealth with $5M In Seed Funding,” February 2, 2021. https://www.prweb.com/releases/alloy_automation_emerges_from_stealth_with_5m_in_seed_funding/prweb17691138.htm↩↩↩↩↩↩

  13. Founders Wiki, “Who is Ramtin Naimi,” accessed March 2026. https://traderhub.org/founders/ramtin-naimi/↩

  14. Venture Capital Archive, “Abstract Ventures,” accessed March 2026. https://venturecapitalarchive.com/venture-funds/abstract-ventures-abstract-vc↩↩

  15. Existing Seedlist profiles for Ramtin Naimi and Alex Davidov, referencing recent investments. Accessed March 2026. ↩

  16. TechCrunch, “Era raises $11M to build a software platform for AI gadgets,” April 23, 2026. https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/23/era-computer-raises-11m-to-build-a-software-platform-for-ai-gadgets/↩

  17. LangChain blog, “Announcing our $10M seed round led by Benchmark,” April 4, 2023. https://www.langchain.com/blog/announcing-our-10m-seed-round-led-by-benchmark↩

  18. 11x blog, “Announcing our Series A,” September 16, 2024. https://www.11x.ai/blog/series-a↩

  19. TechCrunch, “11x.ai raises $24M led by Benchmark to build AI digital employees,” September 16, 2024. https://techcrunch.com/2024/09/16/ai-digital-employee-startup-11xai-raises-24m-led-by-benchmark/↩

  20. Vapi blog, “Vapi Raises $20M to Serve Explosive Demand for Voice AI,” December 11, 2024. https://vapi.ai/blog/vapi-secures-20m-to-start-the-voice-revolution-2↩

  21. Bessemer Venture Partners, “Our investment in Vapi: the voice AI developer platform,” December 13, 2024. https://www.bvp.com/news/our-investment-in-vapi-the-voice-ai-developer-platform↩

  22. GlobeNewswire, “Vapi Dials-in $20M in Series A Led by Bessemer to Bring AI Voice Agents to Enterprise,” December 12, 2024. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/12/12/2996317/0/en/Vapi-Dials-in-20M-in-Series-A-Led-by-Bessemer-to-Bring-AI-Voice-Agents-to-Enterprise.html↩

  23. PRNewswire, “Adaptive Security Raises $43M from a16z and OpenAI Startup Fund to Combat AI-Powered Cyber Attacks Including Deepfakes, Vishing and Smishing,” April 2, 2025, accessed May 2026. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/adaptive-security-raises-43m-from-a16z-and-openai-startup-fund-to-combat-ai-powered-cyber-attacks-including-deepfakes-vishing-and-smishing-302417695.html — Primary source for $43M Series A announced April 2, 2025 co-led by Andreessen Horowitz and OpenAI Startup Fund; participating investors include Abstract Ventures, Eniac Ventures, CrossBeam Ventures, K5, plus executives from Google, Workday, Shopify, Plaid, and Paxos. Marks OpenAI’s first investment in a cybersecurity startup. ↩

  24. Adaptive Security blog, “$43M Raised to Tackle AI-Powered Social Engineering Threats,” April 2, 2025, accessed May 2026. https://www.adaptivesecurity.com/blog/43-million-funding-announcement — Company’s own announcement confirming April 2, 2025 date, $43M raise, a16z and OpenAI Startup Fund as lead investors with Abstract Ventures, Eniac Ventures, CrossBeam Ventures, and K5 participating. ↩

  25. The SaaS News, “Adaptive Security Raises $43M in Funding,” April 3, 2025, accessed May 2026. https://www.thesaasnews.com/news/adaptive-security-raises-43m-in-funding — Independent confirmation of the $43M Series A round co-led by Andreessen Horowitz and OpenAI Startup Fund with Abstract Ventures among participating investors. ↩

  26. TechCrunch, “Acryl Data raises $21M to grow its enterprise data catalog platform,” June 22, 2023, accessed May 2026. https://techcrunch.com/2023/06/22/acryl-data-raises-21m-to-grow-its-enterprise-data-catalog-platform/ — Confirms $21M Series A on June 22, 2023, led by 8VC (Bhaskar Ghosh) with participation from Sherpalo Ventures and Vercel CEO Guillermo Rauch. Abstract Ventures is not named in the announcement; Abstract’s portfolio page lists Acryl Data but the specific round of participation is not independently verified. ↩

  27. VCAOnline, “Acryl Data Secures $21M Series A,” June 22, 2023, accessed May 2026. https://www.vcaonline.com/news/2023062213/acryl-data-secures-21m-series-a-to-accelerate-the-future-of-data-management-adding-data-observability-and-an-open-control-plane-for-data/ — Confirms $21M Series A led by 8VC; participants listed are Sherpalo Ventures (Ram Shriram) and Vercel CEO Guillermo Rauch; existing backers from prior seed round include LinkedIn and Insight Partners. Abstract Ventures not named. ↩

  28. Financial IT, “Acryl Data Raises $21M to Accelerate Future of Data Management,” June 23, 2023, accessed May 2026. https://financialit.net/news/fundraising-news/acryl-data-raises-21m-accelerate-future-data-management — Independent confirmation of $21M Series A led by 8VC with participation from Sherpalo Ventures, Mantis VC (The Chainsmokers), and Vercel CEO Guillermo Rauch. Abstract Ventures not named. ↩

  29. Tracxn, “Legora — 2026 Funding Rounds & Investors,” accessed May 2026. https://tracxn.com/d/companies/legora/__juHzepRwgdvzHYcHLPFyBBeftwIAYiCwhSQTy4a-BmY/funding-and-investors — Lists Legora’s complete funding history: $500K Seed (2024, Y Combinator); $10.5M Seed (May 16, 2024, led by Chetan Puttagunta/Benchmark with Hummingbird, SV Angel, Y Combinator); $25M Series A (July 17, 2024, led by Redpoint with Y Combinator, Benchmark, Wayfinder, Alt Capital); $80M Series B (May 21, 2025, led by ICONIQ and General Catalyst); $150M Series C (October 28, 2025, led by Bessemer); $550M Series D (March 9, 2026, led by Accel). Abstract Ventures is NOT listed in any announced round, though Abstract’s own portfolio page includes Legora — the specific round of participation cannot be independently verified. ↩

  30. Upstarts Media, “Scoop: Ex-OpenAI Staffers Raise $20M For New Startup Applied Compute,” Alex Konrad, June 27, 2025, accessed May 2026. https://www.upstartsmedia.com/p/ex-openai-applied-compute-raises-20m — Reports Applied Compute’s $20M seed round at $100M valuation led by Benchmark (Victor Lazarte) with Sequoia, Conviction, Hanabi Capital, Definition, and solo capitalist Zach Frankel. Applied Compute was founded in May 2025 by three former OpenAI staffers (Yash Patil, Rhythm Garg, Linden Li). Abstract Ventures is NOT named. ↩

  31. SiliconANGLE, “Former OpenAI researchers launch Applied Compute with $80M in funding,” October 30, 2025, accessed May 2026. https://siliconangle.com/2025/10/30/former-openai-researchers-launch-applied-compute-80m-funding/ — Reports the October 30, 2025 launch announcement of $80M led by Benchmark, Sequoia, and Lux Capital with angel investors. Tracxn classifies this as Series B. Abstract Ventures is NOT named in the announcement. ↩

  32. Applied Compute company announcement, “The Advantage You Own,” April 8, 2026, accessed May 2026. https://www.appliedcompute.com/company/fundraise — Company’s own announcement of an additional $80M round (bringing total to $160M) led by Kleiner Perkins with Elad Gil, Lux, Greenoaks, Neo, and Hanabi participating, at a reported $1.3B valuation. Abstract Ventures is NOT named. Abstract’s own portfolio page (cited 6) lists Applied Compute as “Series B stage,” but no contemporaneous press source independently confirms which round Abstract participated in; the company was founded in May 2025, making the prior “~2024” entry impossible. ↩

  33. TechCrunch, “Arc hooks another $30M in investment as EV interest spills over into electric boats,” November 23, 2021, accessed May 2026. https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/23/arc-30m-investment-electric-boat-demand/ — Confirms Arc’s $30M Series A on November 23, 2021 led by Eclipse Ventures (Greg Reichow); explicitly lists “Andreessen Horowitz, Lowercarbon Capital, and Abstract Ventures” as “existing investors” participating in the round, confirming Abstract was in the prior seed round. Arc was founded in early 2021 per the article (“not even a year old”). ↩

  34. Plugboats, “More electric boat investments — Arc Boats $30 million Series ‘A’ round,” November 2021, accessed May 2026. https://plugboats.com/more-electric-boat-investments-arc-boats-30-million/ — Independent confirmation of November 23, 2021 Series A; quotes Arc’s announcement that the round had “participation from all of our existing investors — Andreessen Horowitz, Lowercarbon Capital, and Abstract Ventures.” Abstract is identified as a pre-Series A (seed-round) backer. ↩

  35. TechCrunch, “EV boat startup Arc wades into watersports with $70M in fresh funding,” September 27, 2023, accessed May 2026. https://techcrunch.com/2023/09/27/ev-boat-startup-arc-wades-into-watersports-with-70m-in-fresh-funding/ — Confirms Arc’s $70M Series B announced September 27, 2023 with Eclipse, Andreessen Horowitz, Lowercarbon Capital, and Abstract Ventures as returning investors and Menlo Ventures as a new participant. Arc Boats’s own blog post “Powering the next wave” (https://arcboats.com/blog/powering-the-next-wave) corroborates that Eclipse, Andreessen Horowitz, Lowercarbon Capital, and Abstract Ventures were all “existing investors” at the Series B. Tracxn (https://tracxn.com/d/companies/arcboats/__nPxattfyt2Wyg8AFFhuvbXh7VWyQUTQzdsb2T3HMGaU/funding-and-investors) lists February 2021 ($4.04M) as Arc’s first seed round led by Andreessen Horowitz, with one additional investor whose identity is not disclosed in the public Tracxn record; the contemporaneous press at the November 2021 Series A confirms Abstract Ventures was that early backer. ↩

  36. LatamList, “Telepatia AI raises $9M seed round,” October 20, 2025, accessed May 2026. https://latamlist.com/telepatia-ai-raises-9m-seed-round/ — Primary source for Telepatia AI’s $9M seed round, closed October 16, 2025, led by A-Star with participation from Canary, Abstract, Picus, SV Angel, Nido, and additional angel investors. Telepatia is a Brazilian healthtech founded by CEO Nicolas Abad providing an AI Doctor that transcribes consultations, generates medical reports, and supports clinical decisions. Team includes Stanford graduates and medical professionals. ↩

  37. SignalBase, “Telepatia AI Closes $9M Seed Round to Transform LatAm Healthcare,” October 2025, accessed May 2026. https://www.trysignalbase.com/news/funding/telepatia-ai-closes-9m-seed-round-to-transform-latam-healthcare — Independent confirmation of Telepatia AI’s $9M seed round led by A-Star with backing from Canary, Picus Capital, Abstract VC, and SV Angel. Stanford-incubated; operational across multiple Latin American countries and Spain. ↩

  38. Techloy, “INFOGRAPHIC: Startup Funding in LATAM—Week 43, 2025,” October 24, 2025, accessed May 2026. https://www.techloy.com/infographic-startup-funding-in-latam-week-43-2025/ — Third independent source confirming Telepatia AI’s $9M seed round led by A-Star with backing from Canary, Picus, Abstract, SV Angel, and Nido during Week 43 of 2025 (October 16-22, 2025). ↩

  39. PR Newswire, “Coworker.ai Launches the First AI Agent with Deep Company Context, Backed by $13M Seed Round,” May 20, 2025, accessed May 2026. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/coworkerai-launches-the-first-ai-agent-with-deep-company-context-backed-by-13m-seed-round-302459262.html — Primary source for Coworker.ai’s $13M seed round announced May 20, 2025, led by Jeff Huber at Triatomic Capital with participation from Ramtin Naimi (Abstract Ventures), Mallun Yen (Operator Collective), Tim Young (Eniac Ventures), and K2 Access Fund. Pre-seed investors included Soma Capital, Focal VC, Mischief, and Karman Ventures. Founded by Alex Calder (CEO) and Bradford Church (CPO). ↩

  40. Finsmes, “Coworker.ai Raises $13M in Seed Funding,” May 21, 2025, accessed May 2026. https://www.finsmes.com/2025/05/coworker-ai-raises-13m-in-seed-funding.html — Independent confirmation of $13M seed round led by Jeff Huber (Triatomic Capital) with participation from Abstract Ventures, Operator Collective, Eniac Ventures, K2 Access Fund, Soma Capital, Focal VC, Mischief, and Karman Ventures. Total raised to date: $16.5M. ↩

  41. The SaaS News, “Coworker.ai Raises $13 Million in Seed Round,” May 21, 2025, accessed May 2026. https://www.thesaasnews.com/news/coworker-ai-raises-13-million-in-seed-round — Third independent confirmation of $13M seed round led by Jeff Huber at Triatomic Capital with Abstract Ventures, Operator Collective, Eniac Ventures, and K2 Access Fund participating; pre-seed backers Soma Capital, Focal VC, Mischief, and Karman Ventures. ↩

  42. BusinessWire, “Fintech Natural Launches With $9.8M Seed Round to Power Agentic Payments,” October 23, 2025, accessed May 2026. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251023151615/en/Fintech-Natural-Launches-With-$9.8M-Seed-Round-to-Power-Agentic-Payments — Primary source for Natural’s $9.8M seed round announced October 23, 2025, co-led by Abstract and Human Capital with participation from Forerunner Ventures, Terrain, Restive Ventures, Genius Ventures, plus angel investors Zach Abrams (Bridge), Immad Akhund (Mercury), Eric Glyman and Karim Atiyeh (Ramp), Guillermo Rauch (Vercel), Itai Damti (Unit), and Matt Michaelis (Emprise Bank). Founded by Kahlil Lalji (CEO), Eric Wang, and Walt Leung. ↩

  43. Yahoo Finance / BusinessWire, “Fintech Natural Launches With $9.8M Seed Round to Power Agentic Payments,” October 23, 2025, accessed May 2026. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/fintech-natural-launches-9-8m-130000758.html — Independent confirmation of Natural’s $9.8M seed round on October 23, 2025, co-led by Abstract and Human Capital. Natural builds payment infrastructure enabling AI agents to autonomously execute financial transactions, with embedded B2B use cases. ↩

  44. Crowdfund Insider, “Natural Bags $9.8M Seed To Deliver Agentic Payments,” October 28, 2025, accessed May 2026. https://www.crowdfundinsider.com/2025/10/254994-natural-bags-9-8m-seed-to-deliver-agentic-payments/ — Third independent source confirming Natural’s $9.8M seed round co-led by Abstract and Human Capital with Forerunner Ventures, Terrain, Restive Ventures, and Genius Ventures, plus founder/operator angels. ↩

  45. WebWire press release, “Aether Raises $49M to Extract Critical Minerals and Create Next-Generation Materials,” August 16, 2023, accessed May 2026. https://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=309595 — Primary source for Aether (Aether Biomachines) $49M Series A announced August 16, 2023, co-led by Jay Zaveri at Natural Capital and Trevor Zimmerman at Unless. Tracxn aggregates the round at 22 investors total (BoxGroup and Gaingels among the named participants); Abstract Ventures is included in Aether on Abstract’s own portfolio page 6 but is not named in contemporaneous press releases. The specific Abstract round of participation is the August 2023 Series A (Aether had only one funded round prior to the December 2025 $15M extension/Series A1). ↩

  46. International Mining, “Aether receives financial backing, targets lithium extraction opportunities,” August 16, 2023, accessed May 2026. https://im-mining.com/2023/08/16/aether-receives-financial-backing-targets-lithium-extraction-opportunities/ — Independent confirmation of the $49M Series A on August 16, 2023; quotes Trevor Zimmerman of Unless as a lead investor. Aether is a Menlo Park-based synthetic biology company using AI and robotic laboratory automation to engineer enzymes for industrial applications including sustainable lithium extraction. ↩

  47. Finsmes, “Aether Raises $49M in Series A Funding,” August 2023, accessed May 2026. https://www.finsmes.com/2023/08/aether-raises-49m-in-series-a-funding.html — Third source dating the Series A round to August 2023 with Natural Capital (Jay Zaveri) and Unless (Trevor Zimmerman) co-leading. Aether Bio’s only Series A round to date; the December 3, 2025 follow-on $15M was characterized as a Series A1 extension led by Tribe Capital with existing investors Natural Capital, Unless, 4DX, and Radicle Impact participating. ↩

  48. NewLimit blog, “NewLimit raises $435M led by Founders Fund to bring longevity medicines to human trials,” June 2, 2026, accessed June 2026. https://blog.newlimit.com/p/newlimit-raises-435m-led-by-founders — Primary source: announces $435M Series C led by Founders Fund with new investors Thrive Capital, Greenoaks, and Quiet Capital, alongside returning investors Kleiner Perkins, Abstract, Nat Friedman/Daniel Gross, Valor Equity Partners, Eli Lilly Ventures, Human Capital, and others. Abstract Ventures explicitly named as returning investor. ↩

  49. STAT News, “Longevity startup NewLimit announces $435 million clinical trial financing,” June 2, 2026, accessed June 2026. https://www.statnews.com/2026/06/02/longevity-startup-newlimit-announces-435-million-clinical-trial-financing/ — Independent confirmation of June 2, 2026 Series C announcement at $3.1B post-money valuation. NewLimit plans first clinical trial of a liver medicine; third funding announcement in approximately one year (following $130M Series B in May 2025 and $45M round in October 2025). ↩

  50. Endpoints News, “Anti-aging biotech NewLimit raises $435M at $3B valuation,” June 2, 2026, accessed June 2026. https://endpoints.news/anti-aging-biotech-newlimit-raises-435m-at-3b-valuation/ — Third source confirming the $435M Series C; valuation of $3.1B (post-money) representing roughly 3x increase over prior year. Clinical trials targeted for 2027. ↩